Values and Types

Novum is dynamically evaluated, but the runtime has explicit type categories for diagnostics and standard-library APIs.

Core values

The runtime currently includes categories such as:

Type	Typical literal / origin
Int	42
Float	3.14
Bool	true, false
Str	"hello"
List	[1, 2, 3]
Dict	dictionary literals
Tuple	tuple expressions / pattern values
Range	1..5, 1..=5
Vector	list.vector() / vector operations
Matrix	matrix literals and matrix operations
Iterator	iterator pipelines
Option values	Option.Some(...), Option.None
Result values	Result.Ok(...), Result.Err(...)
Object	struct/class instances
Class	struct/class runtime definitions
Module	imported module namespaces
Function / Builtin	callable values
EnumValue / EnumConstructor	enum values and constructors
Path	filesystem paths
Unit	no meaningful value
Null	null-like value used by some APIs

The exact set is implementation-defined and may grow as the runtime evolves.

typeof

The language provides a typeof builtin for inspecting runtime type information.

typeof(42)
typeof("hello")

String conversion

str(value) converts a value to a string representation.

str(42)
str(3.14)
str(path("data/file.txt"))

Numeric conversion

int(text) parses a string as an integer and float(text) parses a string as a floating-point value.

int("42")
float("3.14")

They are parsing operations rather than arbitrary coercions.